Thomas Joshua Cooper
Failure and Annihilation, Looking toward Scotland, Darién and Caledonia—Bahía Escocesa, Puerto Escocés, Guna Yala, Panama Caledonia was the site of the "disaster of Darien scheme"- Scotland's only attempt at New World colonization. The colony at Darien failed and was lost in 1700. As a result, the country of Scotland lost over one quarter of its total GDP and nearly went bankrupt. One of the several dire consequences of this fact was to lead Scotland to have to agree, for financial reasons at least, to a formal union with England in the Act of Union of 1707. It has been suggested that the failure of Caledonia may have marked the "beginning of the end" of all forced European colonization.2007, printed 2015

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Artist or Maker: Thomas Joshua Cooper
United States, born 1946
Title: Failure and Annihilation, Looking toward Scotland, Darién and Caledonia—Bahía Escocesa, Puerto Escocés, Guna Yala, Panama Caledonia was the site of the "disaster of Darien scheme"- Scotland's only attempt at New World colonization. The colony at Darien failed and was lost in 1700. As a result, the country of Scotland lost over one quarter of its total GDP and nearly went bankrupt. One of the several dire consequences of this fact was to lead Scotland to have to agree, for financial reasons at least, to a formal union with England in the Act of Union of 1707. It has been suggested that the failure of Caledonia may have marked the "beginning of the end" of all forced European colonization.
Date Made: 2007, printed 2015
Medium: Selenium-toned chlorobromide gelatin silver print
Dimensions: Secondary support: 40 × 54 in. (101.6 × 137.16 cm) Frame: 41 × 55 in. (104.14 × 139.7 cm)
Credit Line: Gift of Lannan Foundation
Accession Number: M.2020.82.30
Classification: Photographs
Collecting Area: Photography