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Collections

Unknown
Marichi, The Buddhist Goddess of the Dawn10th century

Not on view
No image
Artist or Maker
Unknown
Title
Marichi, The Buddhist Goddess of the Dawn
Place Made
Bangladesh, Chittagong District, Mainamati (?)
Date Made
10th century
Medium
Sandstone
Dimensions
15 1/2 x 9 3/4 x 2 3/4 in. (39.37 x 24.76 x 6.9 cm)
Credit Line
Gift of Tom and Nancy Juda
Accession Number
M.83.140
Classification
Sculpture
Collecting Area
South and Southeast Asian Art
Curatorial Notes

Marichi (Ray of Light) is the Mahayana Buddhist Goddess of the Dawn. She is believed to be a composite deity with her origins drawn from Ushas, the Vedic Goddess of the Dawn; the Hindu Sun God Surya; the Hindu warrior goddess Durga; the Tantric Buddhist goddess Vajravarahi, and Iranian sources. Her earliest sculpted representations are reportedly from Andhra Pradesh dating from the 5th-7th century, but the majority of extant examples are from eastern Indian and Tibet. Marichi takes multiple iconographic forms.

Here, the goddess has a tall crown and three heads (trishiras). The proper left head is a sow (varaha mukha). Portrayed within a shrine crowned by a sun and moon, she stands on a double lotus base in the militant posture (alidha asana). She has eight arms. Her lowermost hands hold a needle and thread to sew up the mouth of the sinful. Her remaining right hands hold (top-to-bottom) a thunderbolt (vajra), arrow (shara), and elephant goad (ankus). Her remaining left hands hold (top-to-bottom) an Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca), bow (dhanus), and a now-missing noose (pasha) against her left breast. By her feet are diminutive figures of her four companion goddesses, Varttali, Vadali, Varali, and the sow-faced Varahamukhi.

Selected Bibliography
  • Pal, Pratapaditya. Indian Sculpture, vol.2. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; University of California Press, 1988.