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Collections

Edgar Degas
At the Café-Concert: The Song of the Dogcirca 1876-1877

On view:
Geffen Galleries
Pastel and oil painting of a red-haired woman in a yellow dress performing at an outdoor café-concert, with glowing globe lamps and a crowd behind her
Artist or Maker
Edgar Degas
France, Paris, 1834-1917
Title
At the Café-Concert: The Song of the Dog
Date Made
circa 1876-1877
Medium
Gouache, pastel, and monotype on joined paper
Dimensions
Sheet: 22 5/8 × 17 7/8 in. (57.5 × 45.4 cm) Frame: 30 5/8 × 26 1/8 × 2 1/2 in. (77.79 × 66.36 × 6.35 cm)
Credit Line
Gift of A. Jerrold Perenchio
Accession Number
M.2025.64.2
Classification
Drawings
Collecting Area
European Painting and Sculpture
Curatorial Notes

Edgar Degas, a born and bred Parisian, frequented the popular circuses, café-concerts, and cabarets of the city in addition to the more refined spaces of the ballet and opera. Here, the site is Les Ambassadeurs, one of the most popular café-concerts on the Champs-Elysées, and the performer is Emma Valadon, known by the stage name Thérésa. Born in the French countryside, Thérésa moved to Paris, worked as an apprentice dressmaker, and began performing at age sixteen. She soon became a star, possessed of what Degas described as “the grossest, the most delicate, the most wittily tender voice imaginable.” His studies of the performer coincided with some of his greatest technical innovations.

This composition began with the monotype technique, in which an ink design is transferred from a metal surface to a piece of paper, akin to printmaking but producing a single impression. Degas then added gouache and pastel over the monotype to complete the image. He enlarged the initial composition with two additional pieces of paper: a large sheet beneath the print that extends above, left, and below, and a separate strip added at the far left. Under the harsh artificial glow of gas lamps, Thérésa sings before a crowd of cavorting and caricatured men and women. Whites, reds, and pinks are interspersed with mustard yellows, grays, and browns to delineate the singer’s complexion and costume as she is caught open-mouthed performing a whimsical song that required her to impersonate a dog. In this utterly unique and experimental work, Degas conjures the raucous joy of Parisian entertainment during the Second Empire.

Leah Lehmbeck

2016/2024

Provenance

Henri Rouart (1833–1912), Paris (sale, Paris, Galerie Manzi-Joyant, 16–18 December 1912, lot 71, to);(1,2) [Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris, for]; Mrs. H. O. (Louisine Waldron Elder) Havemeyer (1855–1929), New York, bequeathed to her son;(2) Horace O. Havemeyer (1886–1956), New York, bequeathed to his wife; Doris A. Dick Havemeyer (1890–1982) and Estate, New York (sale, New York, Sotheby Parke Bernet, 18 May 1983, lot 12, to); H. Wendell Cherry (1935–1991), Louisville and New York, sold 4 March 1987 through;(3) [Acquavella Galleries, New York, to]; A. J. Perenchio (1930–2017), Los Angeles, gifted 2025 to; Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Footnotes

(1) Stanislas-Henri Rouart (1833–1912), French industrialist, amateur Impressionist painter, and art collector, was Degas’s lifelong friend and supporter. In addition to this Degas, Rouart owned Degas’s Dancer Resting, cat. 10. A label appears on the upper left back of the mount: “No 71—Degas / au café concert / la chanson du chien / 1881,” which probably refers to the 1912 Rouart sale lot 71 and title, adding a presumed date of execution. It is uncertain if the label dates to the sale, and could have been applied by Durand-Ruel for the benefit of H. O. Havemeyer, given this information had already appeared in the Knoedler exhibition catalogue by 1915. For more information about Durand-Ruel buying for Mrs. Havemeyer at the Rouart sale, see Weitzenhoffer, The Havemeyers: Impressionism Comes to America, 207–09.

(2) Durand-Ruel confirms the ownership history and dates. The picture bears the Durand-Ruel photo no. 7556 in their archives, however, it was not entered in their stockbooks and therefore does not have a stock number (document prepared by Flavie and Paul-Louis Durand-Ruel for Leah Lehmbeck, 8 December 2015). An undated label on the back of the painting is related to the Havemeyer collection: “HOH / 316 / Chanson du chien / Degas.”

(3) Wendell Cherry, vice-chairman and co-founder of Humana Inc., based in Louisville, KY, formed his collection in a relatively short amount of time. According to Acquavella Galleries they had the painting on consignment from Cherry from September 1986 to 4 March 1987, when it was sold to A. J. Perenchio (email to Casie Kesterson, 27 August 2015)

Selected Bibliography
  • Lehmbeck, Leah, ed. Impressionist and Modern Art: The A. Jerrold Perenchio Collection. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Munich: DelMonico Books/Prestel, 2016.
Copyright
photo © Fredrik Nilsen

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