This political allegory depicts Charles II (r. 1665–1700) as defender of the Catholic faith, while figures representing Islam and Protestantism try to topple the Holy Sacrament (a symbol of the Habsburg monarchy). The subject draws on Spanish political thought and related images, but this configuration was a Cuzco invention associated with the Spanish-born bishop Manuel de Mollinedo y Angulo (r. 1673–99). A staunch royalist, Mollinedo sought to reform local parishes and embellish the churches across his diocese. He commissioned over eighty gilded monstrances (similar to the one depicted here) for the region’s churches, and promoted new iconographies that celebrated Cuzco’s loyalty to the Spanish monarchy.