A wide range of ritual objects are used in the myriad Vajrayana Buddhist ceremonies performed to propitiate deities for obtaining boons and mundane blessings, to ensure good weather for agricultural bounty, to exorcise demons and avert calamities, and to overcome negative spiritual forces hindering enlightenment. The sacramental implements include thunderbolts (vajra or dorje), priest’s bells (ghanta), flaying knives, ascetic’s staffs, and mirrors; water ewers and vases, butter lamps, skull cups, conch shells, and other vessels; and musical instruments, especially drums, horns, trumpets, and hand cymbals. Perhaps the two most important ceremonial objects are the thunderbolt and bell. The thunderbolt symbolizes the adamantine or unchanging nature of eternity and the male component of compassion. The bell represents the female aspect of wisdom. The pairing of the thunderbolt and bell embodies the enlightened state of compassion and wisdom achieved through the perfect union of the male and female principles. The bell’s handle is a shaft with the crowned head of Prajnaparamita emerging from a vase of plenty. The terminal is a five-pronged thunderbolt identical in form to its paired thunderbolt (M.2001.158.1). The bell’s shoulders have registers of lotus petals and Tibetan characters. The body has a row of horizontal thunderbolts, a series of Dharma-chakra motifs, and a band of vertical thunderbolts along the base.

• Little, Stephen, Tushara Bindu Gude, Karina Romero Blanco, Silvia Seligson, Marco Antonio Karam. Las Huellas de Buda. Ciudad de México : Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018.
• Little, Stephen, and Tushara Bindu Gude. Realms of the Dharma: Buddhist Art across Asia. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2025.
• Huntington, John C. and Dina Bangdel.  The Circle of Bliss:  Buddhist Meditational Art.  Columbus:  The Columbus Museum of Art; Chicago:  Serindia Publications, 2003.