Cardinal Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (1690– 1756), Rome, by 1749(1) (sale, Amsterdam, De Leth and De Winter, 18 May 1763, lot 39, as “Een ditto [kapitaal en overheerlyk] fray Stuk, verbeeldende een Landschap of Bosch-Gezigt: naar ’t midden op de voorgrond een Man te Paard, die van de jagt schynt te komen, en een ander te voet die met hem spreekt; verder op een Man die zit te rusten, en een loopende Hond: ter regter zyde een Harder en Harderin met drie Schaapjes; voorts in allen deelen zeer fix en meesteragtig geteekent en geschildert, door denzelven [Nicolaas van Berchem], en mede van zyn allerbeste tydt; hoog 30, breet  41 duimen. 1000–0. Deeze twee Stukken zyn op doek geschildert en wel geconditioneert: dog het laatste is zeer wel op panel geplakt [canvas attached to panel],” sold for 1,000 florins).(2) [Pieter Fouquet (1729– 1800), Amsterdam].(3) [Pierre Grand-Pré,(4) Paris (sale, Paris, Jacques Langlier and Alexandre Paillet, 16–24 Feb. 1809, lot 98, sold for 7,001 francs to)]; [Pierre- Joseph LaFontaine (1758–1835)].(5) Charles-Ferdinand (1778–1820), duc de Berri (private contract sale, London, Christie’s, Apr. 1834, lot 37, as A View on the Borders of a Vast Forest of Ancient Oak, J. Ruysdael with figures by Berghem, bought in for £480); Marie-Caroline (1798–1870), duchesse de Berri (sale, Paris, Paillet, 4–6 Apr. 1837, lot 26, as “Ruysdael et Berchem, Le Grand Chêne,” sold for 8,000 francs). Samuel Wheeler (d. 1871), Brighton and Barrow Hills, Surrey, by 1856 (sale, London, Christie’s, 29 July 1871, lot 105, figures and animals “admirably introduced by N. Berchem,” as signed by both artists, and dated 1652, sold for £702.15s. to); [King]. George Cavendish-Bentinck (1821–1891), London, by 1876 (sale, London, Christie’s, 8–14 July 1891, lot 566, sold for £1,470 to); [P. & D. Colnaghi, London]. Arthur Sanderson (1846–1915),(6) Edinburgh, in 1893. [P. & D. Colnaghi, London, sold 1897 to]; Friedrich Christian Karl Fleischmann (d. 1907), Liverpool and London, by inheritance to his widow; Eliza Fleischmann, née Ashcroft  (d. 1924), London, by inheritance to her son; Frederick Noel Ashcroft [Fleischmann] (1878–1949),(7) London, by inheritance to his widow; Constance Muriel Im Thurn Ashcroft (b. 1880) and heirs, sold through;(8) [Harari & Johns, Ltd., London, in 1985 to]; Mr. and Mrs. Edward William Carter, Los Angeles, given 1991 to; LACMA.

Footnotes

(1) The posthumous manuscript inventory of Gonzaga’s painting collection includes 832 works, of which approximately 300 were sent to Amsterdam, where they were sold at two auctions. Slive 1987, p. 172n10. According to Slive 2001a, p. 293n1, the inventory, datable to 1756–63, lists the painting as no. 154: “Quadro di palmi 4, once 9 per larghezza, e palmi 3, once 3 per altezza, rappresentante un paese, con figure, in tavola, di Berclem [sic].” The catalogue, “Catalogo dei quadri tuttavia essistenti nella galleria della Ch. Mem. Dell’ Emo Sig. Cardinale Silvio Valenti,” is in the Biblioteca Communale, Mantua, Misc. 109.I;  a typescript of the catalogue is at the Wadsworth Atheneum and Museum of Art, Hartford, CT. The complete inventory is published in Pietrangeli 1961, pp. 43–71.

(2) The sale catalogue is reproduced in Terwesten 1770 (1976), pp. 289–309. The sale price and name of the buyer appear in an annotated copy of the sale catalogue at the RKD–Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedinis, The Hague.

(3) Fouquet was one of the major buyers at the sale. Los Angeles 1992–93, p. 132, identifies the painting as lot 67 in Fouquet’s sale through Langford, London, 10–11 Feb. 1773, where it is described as “Berchem, 67 A Landscape and cattle; a summer scene, touched with spirit, well composed, and very clear.” The dimensions are noted as 2 ft. 8 in. by 3 ft. 4 in. (32 × 40 in.), almost two inches smaller in height and width than The Great Oak, which measures 33 7/8 by 41 7/8 in. Although the current stretcher is about 1/4 inch larger than the painting on each side, there is scalloping on the sides and the tacking edges have been removed, indicating that the painting was probably originally the current size (see Technical Report). The Great Oak also does not include cattle, suggesting that lot 67 refers to another painting. Although the 1773 sale refers to Fouquet as “that celebrated collector de Heer Fouquet,” he was actually a major dealer.

(4) According to the introduction to the catalogue, Pierre Grand-Pré was one of the wealthiest merchants of paintings in Paris, especially of Netherlandish paintings. Peronnet and Fredericksen 1998, vol. 1, p. 55.

(5) Pierre-Joseph Lafontaine was a painter active in Cortrai and Paris. Following the French Revolution, he became an art dealer, buying at auction throughout Europe for French museums.

(6) Arthur Sanderson was a wine merchant and whisky distiller, who built Learmonth Terrace House in Edinburgh in 1891 to house his collection of old master paintings, antiques, porcelain, and sculpture. Financial difficulties led him to sell his collection in a series of sales between 1908 and 1913. Edinburgh 1992, p. 170.

(7) The Fleischmann sons changed the family name from Fleischmann to Ashcroft during World War I.

(8) I am grateful to James Mitchell of John Mitchell Fine Paintings, London, for clarifying the provenance. According to him, the painting was sold through Harari & Johns by the Ashcroft heirs on whose behalf his father, Peter Mitchell, was working. James Mitchell’s grandfather, John Mitchell, knew the Ashcroft sisters well and sold a number of paintings for them in the 1960s. The firm continues to be involved in the dispersal of the collection.

• Walford, E. John. Jacob van Ruisdael and the Perception of Landscape. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.
• Slive, Seymour, and H.R. Hoetink. Jacob van Ruisdael. New York: Abbeville Press, 1982.
• Sutton, Peter C. El Siglo de Oro del Paisaje Holandés. Madrid: Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza, 1994.
• Walsh, Amy L. The Mr. and Mrs. Edward Carter Collection of Dutch Paintings. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2019. https://archive.org/details/Carter_Collection_Dutch_Paintings (accessed May 23, 2022).

• Walsh, Jr., John., and Cynthis P. Schneider. A Mirror of Nature:  Dutch Paintings from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Edward William Carter (Second Edition).  Los Angeles:  Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1992.

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• Slive, Seymour. Jacob van Ruisdael: A Complete Catalogue of His Painitngs, Drawings and Etchings. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.
• Muchnic, Suzanne. LACMA So Far: Portrait of a Museum in the Making. San Marino, California: Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 2015.