The Pancharaksha (Five Protections) is a Vajrayana Buddhist text particularly revered in Nepal that presents five incantations against worldly harm. By the 11th century, the incantations were personified as the five dharani (that which supports) protective goddesses. They are also considered to be protective emanations of the Jina Buddhas who can be invoked against specific illnesses and dangers. The goddesses and their specific protections are as follows: Mahapratisara, protection against illnesses and evils. Mahasahasrapramardini, protection against demons. Mahamayuri, protection against serpents Mahasitavati, protection against vicious animals and dangerous insects. Mahamantranusarini, protection against diseases. The three folios from this dispersed manuscript illustrate the Jina Buddha Ratnasambhava (M.72.1.25a), Mahasitavati or Mahamayuri (M.72.1.25b), and Mahasahasrapramardini (M.72.1.25c).

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