The Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) was composed by the Sanskrit poet Jayadeva (eastern India, circa 1170-1245). The celebrated poem marks the debut of Krishna’s paramour Radha. Previously, she was known only from sporadic literary and epigraphical references beginning in the 7th century. She is absent from the major early texts in which the life of Krishna is related: the Harivamsha (Lineage of Hari [Vishnu]), 1st century; Vishnu Purana (Ancient Stories of Vishnu), circa 450; and Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Stories of the Lord), 8th-10th century. It describes the initial passion of Radha and Krishna, their temporary estrangement over Radha's jealousy of Krishna sharing his love with other gopis (cow-herdswomen), and their ecstatic reconciliation in Krishna's nocturnal bower of delight. The traditional technique for Odishan palm-leaf manuscripts is to incise and blacken the text and illustrations on sections of dried palm leaves, then fill in the designs with light color washes of black, red, yellow, and green. In the folio illustrated here, in the cartouche on the left Krishna is dancing with two gopis while two more women keep time with their hands. In the center cartouche, two woman stand back-to-back. In the cartouche on the right, two seated women are discoursing. Bees float in the outer cartouche scenes.